Measure, capacity

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OBJECT TYPE
1 quart
DATE
1922–1924
ARTIFACT NUMBER
2014.0346.001
MANUFACTURER
Aubry, A. et Fils
MODEL
Unknown
LOCATION
Montréal, Québec, Canada

More Information


General Information

Serial #
N/A
Part Number
1
Total Parts
1
AKA
N/A
Patents
N/A
General Description
Metal measure. Mesure en métal.

Dimensions

Note: These reflect the general size for storage and are not necessarily representative of the object's true dimensions.

Length
15.7 cm
Width
11.5 cm
Height
20.1 cm
Thickness
N/A
Weight
N/A
Diameter
N/A
Volume
N/A

Lexicon

Group
Agriculture
Category
Dairying
Sub-Category
N/A

Manufacturer

AKA
Aubry
Country
Canada
State/Province
Québec
City
Montréal

Context

Country
Canada
State/Province
Quebec
Period
Possibly ca. 1920-1940. Peut-être vers 1920-1940
Canada
The measure was manufactured by the firm A. Aubry & Fils, tinsmith in pieces, founded in 1874 and located in Montreal. In 1927, A. Aubry and other companies came together to form General Steel Wares. The letters JJJ are engraved on the handle for the dairy J. J. Joubert Limited. The measure comes from the J. J. Joubert dairy established in Montreal in 1899 and in existence until 1976. It was an important dairy. It was acquired by Borden in 1932 but continued to operate under his name until 1976. This probably explains the presence of the Ottawa Dairy Company’s letterhead, which also belonged to Borden, which was with the measure. In 1976, Québec Lait acquired Borden. J.J. Joubert was one of the first dairies to pasteurize its milk (1908) and also to bottle it in specific bottles for milk in Canada. Milk pasteurization was one of the projects encouraged by Mrs Adelaide Hoodless who lost her son in 1889, probably because of infected milk. This object poses a problem because its dating according to the consulted expert (official measurements) would indicate the 1920s according to the engraved codes while J.J, Joubert was already distributing milk in Montreal in bottles. It is possible that this error is due to a bad reading of the engraved codes. This object would have been given by Borden around 1976 to Mr. Robert H. Gillan, Chief Cheese Classifier at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada who would then have given it to the donor. La mesure a été fabriquée par la firme A. Aubry & Fils, ferblantier en morceaux, fondée depuis 1874 et située à Montréal. En 1927, A. Aubry et d’autres compagnies se sont réunies pour former la General Steel Wares. Les lettres JJJ sont gravées sur l’anse pour la laiterie J. J. Joubert Limitée. La mesure provient de la laiterie J. J. Joubert établie à Montréal en 1899 et qui a été en existence jusqu’en 1976. Il s’agit d’une laiterie importante. Elle a été acquise par Borden en 1932 mais continua d’opérer sous son nom jusqu’en 1976. Ceci explique probablement la présence des papiers avec entête de la Ottawa Dairy Compagny qui appartenait aussi à Borden, qui se trouvaient avec la mesure. En 1976, Québec Lait fit l’acquisition de Borden. J.J. Joubert fut l’une des premières laiteries à pasteuriser son lait (1908) et aussi à l’embouteiller dans des bouteilles spécifiques pour le lait au Canada. La pasteurisation du lait fut l’un des projets encouragés par Mme Adelaide Hoodless qui perdit son fils en 1889, probablement en raison de lait infecté. Cet objet pose un problème car sa datation selon l’expert consulté (mesures officielles) indiquerait les années 1920 d’après les codes gravés alors que J.J, Joubert distribuait déjà le lait à Montréal dans des bouteilles. Il se peut que cette erreur soit due à une mauvaise lecture des codes gravés. Cet objet aurait été donné par Borden vers 1976 à M. Robert H. Gillan, Chef classificateur des fromages chez Agriculture et Agro-alimentaire Canada qui l’aurait ensuite donné au donateur.
Function
To deliver bulk milk to customers in cities. Milk is distributed using small 1-gallon cans with lids as a measure. Pour livrer le lait en vrac aux clients dans les villes. Le lait est distribué à l'aide de petits bidons de 1 gallon dont le couvercle sert de mesure.
Technical
Measurements were made of wood, enamel (graniteware), and sheet metal. The measurements had a stamped legal mark to certify that their volume corresponded to the official measurements. The measures had to bear an official government audit mark. The surface is very damaged. You can see the mark GR 4 on Z on 4 or 14 or 24. According to Mr. Slater, this means that the stamping of the mark would have been done between 1922 and 1924. The lid serves as a measure, a pint on the first line and a quart when full. Like all measures, our measure was originally accompanied by a 1-gallon can that was used to deliver milk from house to house. However, this can no longer seems to exist. Infant mortality was high in Canada in the 19th and early 20th centuries because milk distributed in cities was not pasteurized or bottled. Little health care was taken during milking and often milk containers arrived by train and remained in the sun for a long time. The first Canadian dairies that pasteurized milk and bottled also began in the early 20th century. Les mesures étaient faites en bois, en émaillé (graniteware), et en tôle. Les mesures avaient une marque légale étampée pour certifier que leur volume correspondait bien aux mesures officielles. Les mesures devaient porter une marque officielle de vérification du gouvernement. Sur celle-ci, la surface est très endommagée. On peut voir la marque GR 4 sur Z sur 4 ou 14 ou 24. Selon M. Slater, cela signifie que l’étampage de la marque aurait été fait entre 1922 et 1924. Le couvercle sert de mesure, une chopine à la première ligne et une pinte lorsque plein. Comme toutes les mesures, notre mesure était à l’origine accompagnée d’un bidon de 1 gallon qui servait à livrer le lait de maison en maison. Toutefois, ce bidon n’existe plus semble-t-il. Le taux de mortalité infantile était élevé au Canada au 19e siècle et début du 20e siècle en raison du fait que le lait distribué dans les villes n’était pas pasteurisé ni embouteillé. Peu de soin sanitaire était apporté lors de la traite et souvent, les contenants de lait arrivaient par train et demeuraient longtemps au soleil. Les premières laiteries canadiennes qui pasteurisèrent le lait et procédèrent aussi à l’embouteillage commencèrent au début du 20e siècle.
Area Notes
Unknown

Details

Markings
Engraved on the proper front: "GR/ Z/ [2]4/ 1 QUART/ A. A[UBRY]/ MONTRE[AL]"
Missing
Appears complete
Finish
Grey metal measure with some areas of brown corrosion. Mesure en métal gris avec certaines zones de corrosion brun.
Decoration
N/A

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If you choose to share our information about this collection object, please cite:

Aubry, A. et Fils, Measure, capacity, between 1922–1924, Artifact no. 2014.0346, Ingenium – Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation, http://collections.ingeniumcanada.org/en/id/2014.0346.001/

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