General Information

Serial #

N/A

Part Number

6

Total Parts

19

AKA

N/A

Patents

N/A

General Description

Metal body and hand crank; steel (possible) crusher blades; synthetic handle

Dimensions

Note: These reflect the general size for storage and are not necessarily representative of the object's true dimensions.

Length

11.8 cm

Width

9.8 cm

Height

23.8 cm

Thickness

N/A

Weight

N/A

Diameter

N/A

Volume

N/A

Lexicon

Group

Domestic Technology

Category

Food processing

Sub-Category

N/A

Manufacturer

AKA

RIVAL

Country

United States of America

State/Province

Missouri

City

Sedalia

Context

Country

Canada

State/Province

British Columbia

Period

Unknown

Canada

In the mid-80s, Gordon Walker, B. Campbell and S. Yang from University of British Columbia, pioneered a new technique for measuring radial velocities of stars with unprecedented accuracy. Their spectrograph and Hydrogen-Fluoride (HF) cell combination (inspired by G. Herzberg, Nobel Prize in chemistry) enabled Doppler shift measurements (radial velocities) with a precision of a few meters per second. This is an order of magnitude better than previous more traditional methods. Since then, this technology has been successfully used by other teams of astronomers to detect the first extra-solar planets. Walker was in the Dept. of Geophysics and Astronomy at the University of British Columbia and worked closely with staff (especially the tech staff during instrument development) at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria. Dr. Walker and his group at UBC were doing ground-breaking research with these devices and they were unique in Canada and rare world wide at the time. Two or three groups were experimenting with similar technology in the US and UK , but one of the major elements of Walker's research was to verify the accuracy of the systems compared to traditional techniques. (From Acquisition Proposal, Ref. 1)

Function

Used to crush ice for an ice bath for the Hydrogen Fluoride in the detector.

Technical

Previous to Walker’s invention, there were no instruments with enough resolution to detect gravitational effects on a star by a nearby, orbiting invisible planet. Scientists needed to detect and measure extremely small variations in the speed with which the star moved toward or away from Earth. Walker developed a way to amplify and measure the “radial velocity” of the star through Doppler effects of the star’s spectral lines. This came to be called the “radial velocity method.” Walker’s shift to CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) technologies was pivotal. In a recent conversation with Walker, he stated how surprised that he was to find astrophysicists at the DAO still using glass plates to study and measure astronomical phenomena. He developed the absorption cell to study the spectral lines with much greater precision and resolution. Walker’s 1970s development of the reticon device (2005.0039), a photodiode used to record images of astronomical phenomena, represented a major step from traditional photography based astronomical research and the associated equipment (e.g. microdensitometer (1998.0275) and the Cuffy Iris photometer) towards CCD-based astronomical detectors. Its use enabled a large improvement in detector sensitivity and precision and made possible detection of rapid changes in astronomical spectra. The reticon was used with a spectrograph to determine the velocity shifts of spectral lines in stars and was a much more rapid method and with higher resolution. Typical best radial velocity measurements at this time (ca. 1970) were about 1 km/s but with the reticon, Dr. Walker and his collaborators achieved measurements of the order of 100 m/s. This technology with ever more improved detectors in the mid-1990s allowed astronomers to detect the first extra-solar system planet. By 2005, almost 200 have been discovered. (From Acquisition Proposal, Ref. 1)

Area Notes

Unknown

Details

Markings

Proper front of the ice crusher on the hand crank: "F/ ICE-O-MAT/ C"

Missing

Appears complete

Finish

White painted metal body with a silver coloured lid and silver- and gold-coloured hand crank. The handle for the crank is a white synthetic. Inside, the blades of the crusher are a dull ferrous metal.

Decoration

N/A