General Information

Serial #

A-674

Part Number

1

Total Parts

11

AKA

N/A

Patents

N/A

General Description

Glass plate/ photographic emulsion

Dimensions

Note: These reflect the general size for storage and are not necessarily representative of the object's true dimensions.

Length

25.5 cm

Width

25.5 cm

Height

N/A

Thickness

N/A

Weight

N/A

Diameter

N/A

Volume

N/A

Lexicon

Group

Photography

Category

Still images

Sub-Category

N/A

Manufacturer

AKA

Unknown

Country

Unknown

State/Province

Unknown

City

Unknown

Context

Country

Canada

State/Province

Ontario

Period

1980+

Canada

One of a collection of photographs of astronomical phenomena, mostly taken by observer E. Hardy of Université Laval, and used at the David Dunlap Observatory at the University of Toronto, one of Canada’s most important astronomical observatories. The David Dunlap Observatory opened in 1935 as the result of a bequest from the wife of David Dunlap. The telescope was a 74 inch (188 cm) reflector built by Grubb Parsons of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in England. The 74 inch was then the largest telescope in Canada (surpassing the 72 inch telescope of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria) and became the second largest in the world after the 100 inch Hooker Telescope of the Mt. Wilson Observatory outside Los Angeles. DDO's reputation grew and following WWII, it began to graduate most of the astronomers produced in Canada with University of Western Ontario far behind. Beginning in the 1960s a number of other astronomy departments were created but UofT/DDO held its place, a position it probably still holds. The DDO had a good technical staff which gave them an advantage and, with most of the 1940s to early 1970s top astronomers coming from UofT, grants from NRC and then ENSERC were almost guaranteed and allowed UofT's top astronomers -- Hogg, van den Berg, Fernie, Bolton, Kamper, Martin, etc. to acquire or build some of the best equipment available in university observatories. For optical observatories, only the DAO had technical staff and budgets that surpassed those of DDO. In 2007, citing increasing light pollution, the University of Toronto announced plans to sell the Observatory property. In June 2008, it was sold to Corsica Development Inc., a subsidiary of Metrus Development Inc. and the Observatory was closed. In 2009 the Observatory buildings and 80% of the site were designated a cultural heritage landscape. Also in 2009 Corsica and the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Toronto Centre announced an agreement allowing the RASC to provide public education and outreach programs at the observatory, and to operate the 188 cm telescope.

Function

A photographic medium upon which is recorded a visual image of astronomical phenomena or events, in 2-dimensional format.

Technical

An example of a photographic plate of galactic clusters taken by astronomers at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) on the island of Hawaii. The observatory is located atop the summit of Mauna Kea, a 4200 meter, dormant volcano and is a combined operation by Canada, France and the state of Hawaii. The CFHT observatory hosts a world-class, 3.6 meter optical/infrared telescope which became operational in 1979. Canada’s participation meant valuable access to a world-class telescope for Canadian astronomers. At the time of its inauguration, the 3.6-metre telescope was the sixth largest in the world and operated in the range of visible light and infrared. France launched the project in 1970 with the purchase of a 14-tonne glass disk. The state of Hawaii joined the project in 1971, followed by Canada in 1973. The three partners signed an agreement in 1974 and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation was born. Canada was in charge of polishing the mirror, putting into place a control system for the telescope, and constructing the observatory building. France was responsible for constructing specific mechanical parts for the telescope (tube, frame, etc.), and Hawaii provided the site, a road to the site, and several instruments. In 1977, the headquarters and a library were set up in the nearby town of Waimea. Canada was granted access to 42.5% of the available observation time, France 42.5%, and the United States 15%. Despite the fact that its 3.6-metre telescope was not the largest, the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope was nonetheless the most powerful in the world from its first year of operation 1994 when the Hubble Space Telescope became fully operational. During that time, the exceptional site, the superior quality of the telescope’s mirror, and the constant improvements to its instruments contributed to the observatory’s ability to generate the highest resolution images ever produced. In 1996, an adaptive optics system was installed on the telescope that would once again rival the Hubble Space Telescope in the production of the highest resolution astronomical images. [Adaptive optics is a technique that corrects image distortions due to air turbulence in Earth’s atmosphere, such as that which causes the twinkling of stars. After these improvements were made, the CFH observatory was involved in discovering, or confirming the discovery of, many new moons, gravitational lenses and other phenomena. In 2003, a new imaging system was installed called MegaPrime, which uses the French-designed MegaCam camera that is able to take 340-million pixel images (about 18,400 x 18,400 pixels), making it the most powerful camera of its type in the world. Today, the observatory is involved in the study of the solar system, the birth and evolution of stars, the interstellar medium, the structure and content of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and large-scale structures of the Universe. The Canadian participation in the observatory is managed by the National Research Council of Canada’s Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics [Refs. 2-3]. This group of five glass plates were taken with the PF camera of CFHT by Hardy (A2397, A2645, A2218) and Quintana (A2125), 1980/81.

Area Notes

Unknown

Details

Markings

None

Missing

Complete

Finish

Black and white image on colourless, transparent glass

Decoration

N/A